A photograph or photo is an image created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic medium such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs are created using a camera, which uses a lens to focus the scenes visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would see. The process and practice of creating photographs is called photography. The word photograph was coined in 1839 by Sir John Herschel and is based on the Greek φῶς , meaning light, and γραφή , meaning drawing, writing, together meaning drawing with light.
The first permanent photograph, a contact-exposed copy of an engraving, was made in 1822 using the bitumen-based heliography process developed by Nicéphore Niépce. The first photographs of a real-world scene, made using a camera obscura, followed a few years later, but Niépces process was not sensitive enough to be practical for that application: a camera exposure lasting for hours or days was required. In 1829 Niépce entered into a partnership with Louis Daguerre and the two collaborated to work out a similar but more sensitive and otherwise improved process. (source : wikipedia)
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